In the USA, the FAA has deployed a redundant ADS-B system on 978 MHz called universal access transponder (UAT) for aircraft that operate below 18,000 feet. However Mode A/C and some older Mode S transponders do not support ADS-B.Īustralia, Europe, the US, and the rest of the world have implemented ADS-B on the Mode S frequency band of 1090 MHz-most commonly called ten-ninety ES (extended squitter). Most modern Mode S secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponders are capable of transmitting SSR and ADS-B (also termed extended squitter) data. Ground stations across Australia are connected to the Airservices Australia digital communication infrastructure and, combined with radar, provide continent-wide, line-of-sight surveillance coverage above 30,000 ft, as well as significant coverage at lower levels.ĪDS-B uses the same transponder as, but operates independently of, the aircraft radar and traffic collision alerting and avoidance (TCAS) systems. While ADS-B is required only for aircraft operating under instrument flight rules (IFR), it also offers substantial benefits for visual flight rules (VFR) pilots.ĪDS-B ground stations comprise a receiver unit, an antenna and a site monitor. The system requires an aircraft to be fitted with systems such as a barometric encoder and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) equipment. What is ADS-B?ĪDS-B is a broadcast surveillance system in which an aircraft automatically transmits to a ground station and other air traffic its identity, precise location, altitude, velocity and other information. Human factors in ADS-B is covered in Chapter 8. This chapter will introduce ADS-B, discuss airspace changes and cover installation and operation of equipment.
The surveillance component of CNS/ATM, GNSS-based automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) has evolved from radar.ĪDS-B offers a substantial increase in the areas covered by surveillance.
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